Kindergarten
Physical Science
Content Standard 1.0: Forces and Motion-Students understand that forces such as gravitational, electrical, and magnetic influence the motion of objects.
By the end of Kindergarten, students know and are able to:
1.K.1 Investigate and describe how objects move.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 21.0: Scientific Values and Attitudes-Students understand that science is an active process of systematically examining the natural world.
By the end of Kindergarten students know and are able to:
21.K.1 Ask questions about the world.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 22.0: Communication Skills-Students understand that a variety of communication methods can be used to share scientific information.
By the end of Kindergarten students know and are able to:
22.K.3 Share information and ideas with others.
Grade 2
Physical Science
Content Standard 1.0: Forces and Motion-Students understand that forces such as gravitational, electrical, and magnetic influence the motion of objects.
By the end of Grade 2, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
1.2.1 Observe and describe objects moving at different speeds.
Earth and Space Sciences
Content Standard 14.0: The Solar System and the Universe-Students understand that the Earth is part of a planetary system within the Milky Way Galaxy, which is part of the known universe.
By the end of Grade 2, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
14.2.1 Observe and describe the sun, moon, planets, and stars.
14.2.2 Describe the movement of some of the objects in the sky.
The Nature and History of Science
Content Standard 18.0: Scientific, Historical, and Technological Perspectives-Students understand that science is a unique way of knowing about things. Many men and women have contributed to the traditions of science. The ability to pursue activities and careers in science is accessible to people from all cultures and all levels of ability.
By the end of Grade 2, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
18.2.1 Explain that everybody can invent things and ideas.
The Nature and History of Science
Content Standard 20.0: Systems, Models, Risk, and Predictions--Students understand that a variety of models can be used to describe or predict things and events.
By the end of Grade 2, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
20.2.3 Explain that something may not work if some of its parts are missing.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 21.0: Scientific Values and Attitudes-Students understand that science is an active process of systematically examining the natural world.
By the end of Grade 2, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
21.2.1 Make observations and give descriptions using words, numbers, and drawings.
21.2.2 Record observations of investigations over time in a notebook or journal. (e.g., growth of a plant, changes in weather)
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 22.0: Communication Skills-Students understand that a variety of communication methods can be used to share scientific information.
By the end of Grade 2, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
22.2.1 Follow verbal instructions accurately.
22.2.2 Produce simple pictographs to describe observations.
22.2.3 Cooperate and contribute ideas within a group.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Standard 23.0: Scientific Applications of Mathematics-Students understand that scientific inquiry is enhanced and often communicated by using mathematics.
By the end of Grade 2, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
23.2.3 Give rough estimates of numerical answers to problems before calculating.
Standard 23.0: Scientific Applications of Mathematics
By the end of Grade 2, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
23.2.5 Recognize unexpected or unusual results in activities.
Content Standard 24.0 Laboratory Skills and Safety
By the end of Grade 2, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
24.2.4 Keep a record of observations and measurements taken over time.
Grade 3
Physical Science
Content Standard 1.0: Forces and Motion-Students understand that forces such as gravitational, electrical, and magnetic influence the motion of objects.
By the end of Grade 3, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
1.3.1 Apply unbalanced forces (a push or pull) to cause objects to change their motion (e.g., speed, direction or both).
1.3.2 Investigate and describe the ways that different objects may balance or topple in various situations.
1.3.3 Manipulate hammers and nails, screwdrivers and screws, scissors, and other simple tools.
Earth and Space Sciences
Content Standard 14.0: The Solar System and the Universe-Students understand that the Earth is part of a planetary system within the Milky Way Galaxy, which is part of the known universe.
By the end of Grade 3, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
14.3.1 Identify the sun, moon, and the Earth as components of our solar system.
14.3.3 Explain that there are more stars in the sky than anyone can easily count.
The Nature and History of Science
Content Standard 18.0: Scientific, Historical, and Technological Perspectives-Students understand that science is a unique way of knowing about things. Many men and women have contributed to the traditions of science. The ability to pursue activities and careers in science is accessible to people from all cultures and all levels of ability.,
By the end of Grade 3, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
18.3.1 Explain that science is a process that involves observing and asking questions about the natural world and seeking answers to those questions.
18.3.2 Explain that accurate descriptions in science are important because they enable people to compare their observations with those of others.
18.3.3 Recognize that science engages men and women of all ages and backgrounds.
18.3.4 Give examples of the benefits of working with a team and sharing findings.
18.3.5 Explain that tools are used to do things better or more easily (e.g. observe, measure, and make things) and to do some things that could not be done at all (e.g. see things that are too small to be seen unaided.
The Nature and History of Science
Content Standard 20.0: Systems, Models, Risk, and Predictions--Students understand that a variety of models can be used to describe or predict things and events.
By the end of Grade 3, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
20.3.1 Compare a model with what it represents (e.g., a model of the Earth to the Earth itself).
20.3.2 Identify observable patterns and predict future events based on those patterns (e.g. seasonal weather patterns.)
20.3.3 Demonstrate that when parts are put together, they can do things together they couldn't have done by themselves.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 21.0: Scientific Values and Attitudes-Students understand that science is an active process of systematically examining the natural world.
By the end of Grade 3, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
21.3.1 Observe and raise questions about the world, then seek answers through investigation.
21.3.2 Record observations of investigations over time in a notebook or journal. (e.g., changes in an aquarium or terrarium)
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 22.0: Communication Skills-Students understand that a variety of communication methods can be used to share scientific information.
By the end of Grade 3, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
22.3.1 Follow verbal and written instructions to complete a procedure.
22.3.2 Create illustrations, graphs, and charts to convey ideas and record observations.
22.3.3 Cooperate and contribute ideas within a group.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Standard 23.0: Scientific Applications of Mathematics-Students understand that scientific inquiry is enhanced and often communicated by using mathematics.
By the end of Grade 3, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
23.3.3 Give rough estimates of numerical answers to problems before calculating.
23.3.5 Determine whether measurements and descriptions are reasonably accurate.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 24.0 Laboratory Skills and Safety-Students can appropriately and safely apply the tools and techniques of scientific inquiry.
By the end of Grade 3, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
24.3.1 Use equipment properly and safely in all science activities.
24.3.3 Identify and gather tools and materials needed in an investigation.
24.3.4 Keep a record of observations and measurements taken over time.
Grade 4
Physical Science
Content Standard 1.0: Forces and Motion-Students understand that forces such as gravitational, electrical, and magnetic influence the motion of objects.
By the end of Grade 4, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
1.4.2 Investigate and describe balance points of different objects.
Content Standard 13.0: Cycles of Matter and Energy
By the end of Grade 4, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
13.4.7 Identify the components of our solar system (i.e. planets, moon, asteroids, comets, sun)
The Nature and History of Science
Content Standard 18.0: Scientific, Historical, and Technological Perspectives-Students understand that science is a unique way of knowing about things. Many men and women have contributed to the traditions of science. The ability to pursue activities and careers in science is accessible to people from all cultures and all levels of ability.
By the end of Grade 4, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
18.4.2 Identify the components of scientific investigation (e.g. observing, collecting data, classifying)
18.4.4 Exchange scientific observations and ideas.
18.4.5 Explain that measuring instruments can be used to gather information for making scientific comparisons of objects and events for designing and constructing things that will work properly.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 21.0: Scientific Values and Attitudes-Students understand that science is an active process of systematically examining the natural world.
By the end of Grade 4, students know and are able to do everything required in earlier grades and:
21.4.1 Conduct fair tests to make observations.
Grade 5
Physical Science
Content Standard 1.0: Forces and Motion-Students understand that forces such as gravitational, electrical, and magnetic influence the motion of objects.
By the end of Grade 5, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
1.5.1 Investigate and describe the relationship that exists between the size of a change in motion of an object to the size of a push or pull on that object.
1.5.2 Investigate and describe that objects usually move downward when they fall or are released in the air or on ramps.
1.5.3 Investigate and describe that objects may move in a variety of ways (e.g., straight lines or by rotating, rolling, or revolving).
Content Standard 13.0: Cycles of Matter and Energy
By the end of Grade 5, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
13.5.5 Investigate and describe how change is an ongoing process that can be seen throughout the natural world.
Earth and Space Sciences
Content Standard 14.0: The Solar System and the Universe-Students understand that the Earth is part of a planetary system within the Milky Way Galaxy, which is part of the known universe.
By the end of Grade 5, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
14.5.1 Investigate and describe the basic components of our solar system (e.g., planets, moons, asteroids, comets, and the sun).
14.5.2 Describe the apparent motion of celestial objects across the sky.
The Nature and History of Science
Content Standard 18.0: Scientific, Historical, and Technological Perspectives- Students understand that science is a unique way of knowing about things. Many men and women have contributed to the traditions of science. The ability to pursue activities and careers in science is accessible to people from all cultures and all levels of ability.
By the end of Grade 5, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
18.5.1 Explain that science is a systematic way of exploring the world.
18.5.2 Develop explanations using observations (evidence) from investigations.
18.5.3 Describe key scientists, classical experiments in science, and technological inventions that lead to a better understanding of the impact of science on society.
18.5.4 Recognize and explain that science is an activity done by more than one person working together.
18.5.5 Explain that technology enables scientists and others to study the motion of objects that are moving rapidly or that are hardly moving at all.
18.5.6 Explain that science is an ongoing process of investigation (inquiry).
Content Standard 19.0: Reasoning and Critical Response Skills
By the end of Grade 5, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
19.5.4 Explain that claims must be supported by evidence and logical argument.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 20.0: Systems, Models, Risk, and Predictions-Students understand that a variety of models can be used to describe or predict things and events.
By the end of Grade 5, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
20.5.1 Develop a physical model to explain how something works or how something is constructed.
20.5.2 Predict that some events are more likely to happen than others.
20.5.3 Describe and compare the components and interrelationships of a simple system (e.g., trace the flow of water through an aquarium, a filter, and a pump).
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 21.0: Scientific Values and Attitudes-Students understand that science is an active process of systematically examining the natural world.
By the end of Grade 5, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
21.5.1 Keep records of investigations and observations, without changing those records later.
21.5.2 Make careful observations and test things more than once.
21.5.3 Offer reasons for findings and consider the reasons suggested by others.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 22.0: Communication Skills-Students understand that a variety of communication methods can be used to share scientific information.
By the end of Grade 5, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
22.5.1 Give written or oral instructions that others are able to follow.
22.5.2 Organize information into charts, tables, and graphs.
22.5.3 Collaborate on a group project.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 23.0: Scientific Applications of Mathematics-Students understand that scientific inquiry is enhanced and often communicated by using mathematics.
By the end of Grade 5, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
23.5.1 Explain that sometimes changing one thing causes changes in another.
23.5.2 Explain to other students how to go about solving numerical problems
23.5.3 Make quantitative estimates of familiar lengths, weights, and time intervals, and check them by measurements.
23.5.4 Recognize the appropriate unit for a particular measurement (e.g., meters for length, seconds for time, and kilograms for mass). (aligns with grade 3 math standard)
23.5.5 Recognize that repeated measurements of the same thing are likely to vary slightly.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 24.0: Laboratory Skills and Safety-Students can appropriately and safely apply the tools and techniques of scientific inquiry.
By the end of Grade 5, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
24.5.1 Use safety equipment and attire.
24.5.2 Measure and mix dry and liquid materials safely in prescribed amounts.
24.5.3 Use provided materials to construct objects for a particular task.
24.5.4 Label measurements and diagrams properly.
24.5.5 Use appropriate technology in lab procedures for measuring and recording.
24.5.6 Manipulate objects and observe events in an experiment.
Grade 6
By the end of Grade 6, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
1.6.1 Investigate and describe the concept that some objects move so slowly or so rapidly that their motion is difficult to detect.
Content Standard 18.0: Scientific, Historical, and Technological Perspectives
By the end of Grade 6, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
18.6.5 Identify and describe various technological tools that scientists use to help them do their work.
The Nature and History of Science
Content Standard 19.0: Reasoning and Critical Response Skills-Students understand that many decisions require critical consideration of scientific evidence.
By the end of Grade 6, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
19.6.3 Investigate and describe the components of systems (including processes or parts).
19.6.4 Distinguish between fact and opinion when responding to information.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 20.0: Systems, Models, Risk, and Predictions-Students understand that a variety of models can be used to describe or predict things and events.
By the end of Grade 6, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
20.6.2 Analyze data to predict likely outcomes (e.g., how temperature range can affect the survival rate of a species).
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 24.0: Laboratory Skills and Safety-Students can appropriately and safely apply the tools and techniques of scientific inquiry.
By the end of Grade 6, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
24.6.1 Use safety equipment and attire.
Grade 7
Physical Science
Content Standard 1.0: Forces and Motion-Students understand that forces such as gravitational, electrical, and magnetic influence the motion of objects.
By the end of Grade 7, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
1.7.1 Investigate and describe the effect of retarding forces such as friction on the motion of objects.
1.7.2 Investigate and describe the gravitational relationship that exists between the masses of objects and how far apart they are.
Content Standard 18.0: Scientific, Historical, and Technological Perspectives
By the end of Grade 7, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
18.7.3 Investigate and describe how people create models to explain the world as scientific knowledge has increased, and that these models are modified or discarded.
The Nature and History of Science
Content Standard 19.0: Reasoning and Critical Response Skills-Students understand that many decisions require critical consideration of scientific evidence.
By the end of Grade 7, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
19.7.3 Identify and describe how the parts of a system relate to one another and/or to other systems.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 24.0: Laboratory Skills and Safety-Students can appropriately and safely apply the tools and techniques of scientific inquiry.
By the end of Grade 7, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
24.7.1 Use safety equipment and attire.
Grade 8
Physical Science
Content Standard 1.0: Forces and Motion-Students understand that forces such as gravitational, electrical, and magnetic influence the motion of objects.
By the end of Grade 8, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
1.8.1 Investigate and describe that multiple forces acting on an object along a straight line affect the motion of an object.
1.8.2 Describe the force (gravity) which makes objects fall and planets move in their orbits.
Content Standard 14.0: The Solar System and the Universe
By the end of Grade 8, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
14.8.6 Investigate and describe the laws of motion and gravity and their development.
The Nature and History of Science
Content Standard 18.0: Scientific, Historical, and Technological Perspectives- Students understand that science is a unique way of knowing about things. Many men and women have contributed to the traditions of science. The ability to pursue activities and careers in science is accessible to people from all cultures and all levels of ability., Scientific
By the end of Grade 8, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
18.8.1 Explain that scientific investigations involve the use of logic, respect for the rules of evidence, openness to criticism, and public reporting of methods and procedures.
18.8.2 Explain that scientific inquiry done in a school setting is similar to what scientists do.
18.8.3 Explain, using examples, that ancient peoples provided knowledge about the natural world that is still regarded as valid today, even though that knowledge may not have originated by scientific methods.
18.8.4 Explain that scientists may work in teams and some may work alone, but all communicate extensively with each other.
18.8.5 Explain that scientific inquiry and technological design have similarities and differences. Scientists propose explanations for questions about the natural world and engineers propose solutions relating to human problems, needs, and aspirations.
18.8.6 Explain that scientific knowledge is revised through a process of incorporating new evidence gained through continual investigation.
18.8.7 Identify and describe how science is subject to strengths and limitations related to other human social and intellectual activities.
The Nature and History of Science
Content Standard 19.0: Reasoning and Critical Response Skills-Students understand that many decisions require critical consideration of scientific evidence.
By the end of Grade 8, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
19.8.1 Identify and evaluate critically the use of statistics, data, and graphs.
19.8.2 Give examples of human activities with their associated benefits, costs and risks.
19.8.3 Analyze and describe a system for efficiency, optimal function, and possible sources of malfunction.
19.8.4 Critically evaluate information to distinguish between fact and opinion when responding to information.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 20.0: Systems, Models, Risk, and Predictions-Students understand that a variety of models can be used to describe or predict things and events.
By the end of Grade 8, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
20.8.1 Investigate and describe how different models can be used to demonstrate the same thing.
20.8.2 Use a model to predict change (e.g., stream table).
20.8.3 Identify and illustrate natural cycles within systems (e.g., water, planetary motion, climate, geological changes).
20.8.4 Analyze data from two groups, comparing both their middles and ranges.
20.8.5 Use a systematic approach to thinking critically about risks and benefits.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 21.0: Scientific Values and Attitudes-Students understand that science is an active process of systematically examining the natural world.
By the end of Grade 8, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
21.8.1 Explain why it is important to keep honest, clear, and accurate records.
21.8.2 Explain that hypotheses are valuable even if they turn out to be incorrect, if they lead to fruitful investigations.
21.8.3 Describe how different explanations can often be given for the same evidence, and it is not always possible to tell which one is correct.
By the end of Grade 8, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
22.8.1 Write clear, step-by-step instructions for a procedure.
22.8.2 Organize information in tables and graphs and describe the relationships they reveal.
22.8.3 Discuss scientific topics by paraphrasing, asking for clarification or elaboration, and expressing alternative positions using available multimedia resources.
Content Standard 23.0: Scientific Applications of Mathematics-Students understand that scientific inquiry is enhanced and often communicated by using mathematics.
By the end of Grade 8, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
23.8.1 Explain that quantities can vary in proportion to one another. (e.g., the ratio of mass to volume in the calculation of density).
23.8.2 State the purpose of each step in a calculation.
23.8.3 Estimate probabilities of outcomes in familiar situations.
23.8.4 Select and use the appropriate SI unit for a particular measurement (e.g., meters for length, seconds for time, and kilograms for mass).
23.8.5 Judge whether repeated measurements and computations of quantities are reasonably precise and accurate.
23.8.6 Make predictions based on all known data from similar conditions.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 24.0: Laboratory Skills and Safety-Students can appropriately and safely apply the tools and techniques of scientific inquiry.
By the end of Grade 8, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
24.8.1 Use instruments and laboratory safety equipment properly.
24.8.2 Handle and dispose of chemicals according to established standards.
24.8.3 Choose appropriate common materials for making and repairing simple mechanical constructions.
24.8.4 Keep an organized record of scientific investigations.
24.8.5 Use appropriate technology in laboratory procedures for measuring, recording, and analyzing data (e.g., computers, graphing calculators, and probes).
24.8.6 Design a controlled experiment.
Grade 9-12
Physical Science
Content Standard 1.0: Forces and Motion-Students understand that forces such as gravitational, electrical, and magnetic influence the motion of objects.
By the end of Grade 12, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
1.12.1 Investigate and describe how changes in motion are based on the laws of motion .
Earth and Space Sciences
Content Standard 14.0: The Solar System and the Universe-Students understand that the Earth is part of a planetary system within the Milky Way Galaxy, which is part of the known universe.
By the end of Grade 12, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
14.12.1 Investigate and describe how the Earth's atmosphere, water, temperature, and composition compare with conditions on other planets.
14.12.2 Explain how most objects in the solar system are in regular and predictable motion which explains such phenomena as the day, the year, phases of the moon, and eclipses.
14.12.5 Describe how increasingly sophisticated technology (e.g., mathematical models and computer simulations) is used to learn about the universe.
The Nature and History of Science
Content Standard 18.0: Scientific, Historical, and Technological Perspectives- Students understand that science is a unique way of knowing about things. Many men and women have contributed to the traditions of science. The ability to pursue activities and careers in science is accessible to people from all cultures and all levels of ability., Scientific
By the end of Grade 12, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
18.12.1 Explain that the scientific way of knowing uses a critique and consensus process (e.g., peer review, openness to criticism, logical argument, skepticism).
18.12.2 Investigate and explain how research emphasis is influenced by economic and public policy.
18.12.3 Investigate and explain how scientific innovations that were originally challenged are now widely accepted.
18.12.4 Explain that scientists work with others to resolve differences in interpretation of observations.
18.12.5 Explain that technological problems create a demand for new scientific knowledge and new technologies which make it possible for scientists to extend their research in new ways or to undertake entirely new lines of research.
18.12.6 Explain that scientific knowledge builds on previous information, and rarely are entire theories completely discarded in favor of new ones.
18.12.7 Explain that scientists have ethical procedures, violations of which have consequences.
The Nature and History of Science
Content Standard 19.0: Reasoning and Critical Response Skills-Students understand that many decisions require critical consideration of scientific evidence.
By the end of Grade 12, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
19.12.1 Identify and determine the credibility of sources of information based on the techniques used to gather that information.
19.12.2 Apply cost benefit and risk analyses in decision-making processes.
19.12.3 Recognize and describe situations in which a system is qualitatively different from the parts which comprise it (e.g., how a population differs from an individual).
19.12.4 Distinguish between hypotheses, laws, theories and rules, and explain the level of their limitations.
19.12.5 Determine the limits of generalizations, assumptions, analogies, and models.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 20.0: Systems, Models, Risk, and Predictions-Students understand that a variety of models can be used to describe or predict things and events.
By the end of Grade 12, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
20.12.1 Use mathematical symbols and formulas to express relationships that behave in the same ways as the objects or processes under investigation.
20.12.2 Use models to identify and predict cause-effect relationships (e.g., effect of temperature on gas volume, effect of carbon dioxide level on the greenhouse effect).
20.12.3 Identify and describe how systems are often different from their components. (e.g., aquaria or automobiles)
20.12.4 Compare groups of data, taking into account both percentages and actual numbers.
20.12.5 Identify the type of hazard, estimate the extent and consequences of exposure, and determine the options for reducing or eliminating risks.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 21.0: Scientific Values and Attitudes-Students understand that science is an active process of systematically examining the natural world.
By the end of Grade 12, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
21.12.1 Demonstrate curiosity, honesty, and skepticism in doing science.
21.12.2 Repeat experimentation for statistical analysis and to produce conclusions that are without bias.
21.12.3 Evaluate multiple explanations for the same evidence.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 22.0: Communication Skills-Students understand that a variety of communication methods can be used to share scientific information.
By the end of Grade 12, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
22.12.1 Analyze experimental procedures and suggest appropriate revisions for improvement.
22.12.2 Use tables, charts, and graphs in making arguments and claims in oral and written presentations.
22.12.3 Discuss scientific topics by restating or summarizing accurately what others have said; ask for clarifications or elaborations, and express alternative positions using available multimedia resources.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 23.0: Scientific Applications of Mathematics-Students understand that scientific inquiry is enhanced and often communicated by using mathematics.
By the end of Grade 12, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
23.12.1 Determine if the correlation between variables is high or low.
23.12.2 Use algebraic equations when appropriate.
23.12.3 Estimate answers to the correct order of magnitude.
23.12.4 Use derived quantities, ratios, proportions, and constants.
23.12.5 Trace the source of differences between an estimate and the calculated answer that exceeds agreed-upon standards for precision.
23.12.6 Select samples by some random system to avoid bias.
Scientific Inquiry: Processes and Skills
Content Standard 24.0: Laboratory Skills and Safety-Students can appropriately and safely apply the tools and techniques of scientific inquiry.
By the end of Grade 12, students know and are able to do everything required in previous grades and:
24.12.1 Demonstrate personal responsibility for using safety equipment and observing all safety standards.
24.12.2 Use the information found in materials safety data sheets to handle, store, and dispose of chemicals properly.
24.12.3 Inspect, manipulate, and describe the functions of various parts of technical and scientific equipment.
24.12.4 Maintain a permanent record of procedures, data, analyses, decisions, and understandings of scientific investigations.
24.12.5 Write procedures for the investigation of delegated or original scientific problems.
24.12.6 Carry out an independent scientific investigation.
