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All Students Will Gain An Understanding Of Natural Laws As They Apply To Motion, Forces, And Energy Transformations
Descriptive Statement: Basic principles of physics emerge in this standard, where the study of force and motion leads students to the concept of energy. All forms of energy are introduced and investigated, and principles of transformation and laws of conservation are developed.
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Cumulative Progress Indicators
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Building upon knowledge and skills gained in the preceding grades, by the end of Grade 8, students:
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8. Explain how a moving object that is not being subjected to a net force will move in a straight line at a steady speed.
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9. Show that when more than one force acts on an object at the same time, the forces can reinforce or cancel each other, producing a net force that will change the speed or direction of the object.
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10. Investigate how the force of friction acts to retard motion.
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11. Describe the various forms of energy, including heat, light, sound, chemical, nuclear, mechanical, and electrical energy, and that energy can be transformed from one form to another.
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12. Explain how heat flows through materials or across space from warmer objects to cooler ones until both objects are at the same temperature.
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13. Explain that the sun is a major source of the earth's energy and that energy is emitted in various forms, including visible light, infrared and ultraviolet radiation.
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14. Show how light is reflected, refracted, or absorbed when it interacts with matter and how colors appear as a result of this interaction.
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15. Show how vibrations in materials can generate waves which can transfer energy from one place to another.
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