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From: lindgren@tiac.net (Charles F. Lindgren)
Subject: Solar Eclipse at Guadeloupe
Date: Sun, 1 Mar 1998 10:30:18 -0500 (EST)
Back to top
I'm back!!!!! I just wanted to send you people a report on what it was like
to experience a solar eclipse. Let me begin by saying that this does it
absolutely no justice.
ECLIPSE DAY
Eclipse day really started the evening before. All of the passengers were
called to a special meeting in the dining room of the Star Clipper. The
astronomers Hale and Bopp, and the Captain had made a decision to let
participants decide where they wanted to be to view the eclipse - on the
island of Guadeloupe, or on the Star Clipper.
There were advantages and disadvantages to each. If you went on shore you
would be stranded on a beach for at least seven hours. Even if the sky was
clear the chances of clouds forming were great because the eclipse
generates its own weather. As the umbral shadow moved closer to the island
it could generate a cloud front before it. The advantages of being on land
were obvious - It would be steady! You could buy t-shirts! Being on the sea
would eliminate any serious photography. Being at sea gave the advantage of
mobility. The captain could put the ship in the best possible spot to see
the eclipse. The choice was ours.
On February 26th 23 people decided to go on land with Alan Hale; 170
decided to stay with the ship and Thomas Bopp. Around 10:30 am AST we waved
a farewell to the brave souls who left for Guadeloupe. When the tender
returned we headed for the center line. At the center line, 16 degrees 38
minutes 52.7 seconds North, 61 degrees 37 minutes 27.0 seconds West (more
or less), we set up our equipment. People cleared the aft sun deck of
lounges and we set up our cameras, telescopes, etc. It was almost
impossible to get a steady image. Though the boa was only doing one or two
knots, the gentle swells caused the image to appear and disappear from the
viewfinder. Photographs was literally going to be a hit-or-miss
proposition. The cry of "first contact" (when the first tiny piece of the
sun disappears, went out, and all eyes turned toward the sun.
Some videoed the entire experience taking a clip every 30 seconds. Others
photographed nothing. I photographed whenever I could get the image of the
sun in the viewfinder (which wasn't often). I did three of the five
experiments I had designed. At 15 minute (more or less) intervals I took a
temperature reading. My wife took a light intensity reading by taking a
meter reading from a camera of a spot on the deck and noting the change in
shutter speed, and also photographing the same spot over and over at the
same camera setting. This last experiment would actually show the sky
getting darker as the images became more and more under exposed. Finally I
estimated wind speed by noting the wave conditions.
Observations Before Totality
The sky was very blue! Clouds were on the horizon, but none were near the
sun. They also were over Montserrat, and unfortunately, Guadeloupe. Because
we were on a ship, many detailed observations were impossible. We observed
the sun disappear through solar glasses provided by the ship. It was
impressive to watch the sun gradually disappear! The temperature started at
a high of 87 degrees 15 minutes into the eclipse to a low of 79 degrees
during totality. I had a plastic card with 81 pin-holes punched in it. I
projected the image on to the deck for others to see. Others attempted
similar projections with telescopes. Those with a very steady had
succeeded! One of the most touching moments for me during this prephase
was when people asked to have their hand photographed with the multiple
pin-hole images projected on to their hand and the deck. One woman asked to
have her hand photographed while she was wearing two special rings. Each of
those rings was purchased at a previous eclipse site! I thought that was
great.
Totality
About fifteen minutes before totality we each loaded our cameras with the
film we wanted to use. I took my camera off of the tripod and decide to
hand hold it. When the sun was 90% eclipsed the planet Venus became
visible. A minute before totality someone started a countdown. The second
major observation we made was the umbral shadow approaching. You saw and
felt it approach! The horizon disappeared and a darkness came racing toward
us at 1,000 miles and hour - instant sunset!!! People constantly yelled to
each other not to look at the sun without protective eye wear. Then with
99.99% of the sun gone the phenomenon known as the diamond ring effect
occurred. One tiny corner of the sun was left; it resembled a magnesium
flare! All of the sun's light was concentrated into a dot! Then the sky
went black! Two planets, Mars and Jupiter, which were close to the sun
became visible. It was dark at the sun and lighter as you went toward the
horizon! The corona had two larger extensions above and below the sun, the
rest of the sun was encircled by a white glow. It looked like a hole in the
sky! Through my lens I saw a brilliant red prominence at the bottom of the
sun. I frantically took photographs, but also remembered to just look at
this powerfully moving phenomenon. Many people screamed, some were silent,
some wept. Personally, I shook and screamed. Then, after three minutes, it
ended. The diamond ring appeared a second time, and the sky was instantly
blue again. People clapped and cheered. Several prayed. Some drank
expensive champagne. I continued to take readings.
The Return to Guadeloupe
The Captain came to the stern of the ship and was given a standing ovation
and a kiss from a Methodist minister! The volcano on Montserrat quietly
erupted in the background. A whale followed us back. At Guadeloupe we
waited for news of what the folks who went to the island had seen. It
didn't look good. Clouds covered the island. The tender went to get them
and reported that it needed the zodiac. Huge waves crashed on the beach
because of the volcanic seismic activity. A simple retrieval had almost
become a rescue mission. People were removed in groups of three wearing
life jackets. The zodiac had to run the waves in, which wasn't bad. Then it
had to shoot through the crests to get back to the tender. On several trips
the zodiac literally left the water and crashed back into the sea while
returning to the tender. It took eight trips to retrieve all of the land
members. As we watched their adventure, the sun set into the Caribbean
through broken clouds. A huge shaft of red light shot through a hole in the
clouds, and a "Green Flash" was seen as the sun set. The tender returned
with all passengers save. Screams and cheers came from the tender and the
Star Clipper. They had seen the eclipse through high thin clouds. Several
members had rented a car and raced to the other side of the island where it
was clear.
Epilogue
This was my first eclipse. For most people it was their third or fourth.
There is no more powerful natural safe experience than a total eclipse of
the sun. I went with the idea of taking measurements and photographs. That
quickly became secondary. The most important part was being there and
seeing it. That's why I chose to stay with the boat. No photograph, no
essay, no video can express the experience. It is multisensory - you feel
cold, it gets dark, there is an electric feeling of excitement . It is very
primal as opposed to academic. Dr. Hale showed us a video he had taken of
the 1991 eclipse in Baja. That eclipse lasted more than seven minutes. As
we watched it, we noticed how long totality lasted. He said it felt no more
than 30 seconds long. We agreed after seeing totality. Three minutes and
several seconds seemed no more than a heart beat. The major discussion
over dinner was how we were going to get to Turkey in 1999, and where we
would be in 2017!