Alabama Course of Study: Science
The STANDARDS CORRELATION chart
suggests which Alabama Course of Study science standards you can cover using PASSPORT TO THE SOLAR SYSTEM
in your classroom. We hope you will discover additional standards you can use. These are the ones
our Instructional Materials Development team felt most directly related to the activities contained
in PASSPORT TO THE SOLAR SYSTEM.
For additional Alabama Course of Study science standards you can cover see the STANDARDS CORRELATION chart
for the following PASSPORT TO KNOWLEDGE projects:
PASSPORT TO WEATHER AND CLIMATE
LIVE FROM THE SUN/LIVE FROM THE AURORA
LIVE FROM A BLACK HOLE/LIVE FROM THE EDGE OF SPACE AND TIME
Elementary Standards: Kindergarten, First Grade,
Second Grade, Third Grade,
Fourth Grade, Fifth Grade
PROCESS AND APPLICATION
Students will:
1. Identify questions that can be answered through scientific investigations.
Examples: Do bees sleep? What is rain made of?
video 2. Use appropriate tools and technology resources to gather, analyze, and interpret data.
Examples: hand lenses, balances, droppers, computers, maps
video 3. Demonstrate the ability to perform safe and appropriate manipulation of materials, living organisms, scientific equipment, and technology.
Examples: identifying ways to care properly for fish in an aquarium, wearing safety goggles
video 4. Use appropriate skills to design and conduct a scientific investigation. video 5. Think critically and logically to make inferences and describe relationships between evidence and explanations.
Example: basing conclusion that mealworms move toward dark areas instead of light areas on observations of mealworm behavior
video 6. Investigate alternative explanations of experimental results.
Example: conducting experiments to determine if size or thickness of certain objects affects the darkness of shadows
video 7. Use mathematics in scientific inquiry.
Example: description of quantity using nonstandard units of measure such as paper clips, unifix cubes, pencils, straws, shoes
video 8. Recognize that scientists use technology in scientific research.
Example: using hand-lens to enhance the naked eye
video 9. Recognize the importance of science and technology to many careers.
Examples: doctors using stethoscopes, astronomers using telescopes
video 10. Demonstrate an understanding of the impact of society on human health and environmental conditions.
Examples: cutting trees destroys animal homes, littering pollutes the soil/water
video 11. Recognize the relationship among science, technology, and society.
Examples: medicines used to prevent/cure illness, paying taxes to support research
video PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Position and Motion of Objects
14. Describe motion. video Energy
15. Recognize the sun as the Earth's source of energy. video 16. Construct knowledge about shadows and the way they are formed.
video 17. Identify sources of sound.
Examples: voices, drums, bells, strings
video EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
Earth in Space
27. Describe what can be observed in the day sky with the unaided eye. video PROCESS AND APPLICATION
Students will:
1. Identify questions that can be answered through scientific investigations.
Example: questions about the relationship of amount of water and pitch of a jar/glass when struck
video 2. Use appropriate tools and technology resources to gather, analyze, and interpret data.
Examples: hand lenses, clocks, computers, thermometers, balances
video 3. Demonstrate the ability to perform safe and appropriate manipulation of materials, living organisms, scientific equipment, and technology.
Example: explaining how to release butterflies
video 4. Use appropriate skills to design and conduct a scientific investigation. video 5. Think critically and logically to make inferences and describe relationships between evidence and explanations.
Example: push and pull of magnets indicating force between them
video 6. Investigate alternative explanations of experimental results.
Example: measured student growth resulting from amount or kind of food eaten
video 7. Use mathematics in scientific inquiry. video 8. Recognize that scientists use technology in scientific research.
Example: balances used to measure weight of an object
video 9. Recognize the importance of science and technology to many careers.
Example: teachers using computers in classrooms
video 10. Recognize the impact of society on human health and environmental conditions.
Example: erosion resulting from removal of grass and trees during house construction
video 11. Recognize the relationship among science, technology, and society.
Example: airplanes making travel faster
video PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Position and Motion of Objects
13. Describe the effects of forces (push, pull) on objects. video Energy
14. Describe characteristics of sound. video EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
Earth in Space
3. Describe the night sky as observed with the unaided eye. video PROCESS AND APPLICATION
Students will:
1. Identify questions that can be answered through scientific investigations.
Example: questions regarding light as it comes in contact with different materials
video 2. Use appropriate tools and technology resources to gather, analyze, and interpret data.
Examples: rulers, meter sticks, measuring cups, clocks, hand lenses, computers, thermometers, balances, maps
video 3. Demonstrate the ability to perform safe and appropriate manipulation of materials, living organisms, scientific equipment, and technology.
Examples: explaining why students do not taste substances without the teacher's permission, wearing protective goggles when handling substances
video 4. Use appropriate skills to design and conduct a scientific investigation. video 5. Think critically and logically to make inferences and describe relationships between evidence and explanations.
Example: identifying weather conditions that might affect plant growth
video 6. Investigate alternative explanations of experimental results.
Example: conducting experiments to determine if color of light and/or kind of substance used (water, glass) causes light rays to refract (bend)
video 7. Use mathematics in scientific inquiry. video 8. Recognize that scientists use technology in scientific research.
Example: paleontologists using picks, hand-lens, sonar, and brushes
video 9. Recognize the importance of science and technology to many careers.
Example: meteorologists using maps, data, and satellite imagery to predict long-range weather for crops
video 10. Recognize the impact of society on human health and environmental conditions.
Example: government establishment of national park or wilderness area
video 11. Recognize the relationship among science, technology, and society.
Example: aircraft flying faster and safer because of radar
video PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Properties and Changes in Matter
Students will:
Position and Motion of Objects
15. Compare types of motion. video Energy
17. Recognize sources of energy. video 18. Describe how light interacts with a variety of materials.
Examples: mirror, water, clear plastic, tissue paper, solid wooden object, wax paper
video EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
Earth in Space
33. Recognize that the moon appears as different shapes (phases) at different times.
video 34. Identify the basic components of the solar system. video PROCESS AND APPLICATION
Students will:
1. Identify questions that can be answered through scientific investigations.
video 2. Use appropriate tools and technology resources to gather, analyze, and interpret data.
Examples: calculators, microscopes, cameras, sound recorders, clocks, computers, thermometers, hand lenses, meter sticks, rulers, balances, maps, star charts
video 3. Demonstrate the ability to perform safe and appropriate manipulation of materials, living organisms, scientific equipment, and technology.
video 4. Use appropriate skills to design and conduct a scientific investigation. video 5. Think critically and logically to make inferences and describe relationships between evidence and explanations.
Example: relating condensation in a terrarium to stages of the water cycle
video 6. Investigate alternative explanations of experimental results.
video 7. Use available technology to communicate scientific procedures and to defend explanations.
video 8. Use mathematics in scientific inquiry.
video 9. Demonstrate an understanding of the relationships among science, technology, and society past and present. video PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Forces and Motions
14. Demonstrate that change in motion is a result of applying unequal forces. Examples: tug-of-war, seesaw
video 15. Recognize that forces can act from a distance.
Examples: ball falling to the Earth, magnet picking up nails, comb attracting bits of paper
video 16. Recognize that gravity is a force that pulls objects toward the Earth's center.
video 18. Compare the amount of force required to do work with and without the use of tools.
video Energy
19. Explain ways that energy is useful.
Examples: to do work, to heat water
video 20. Recognize sources and processes that produce heat. video 21. Recognize the effects of heat on matter.
Examples: ice melts, water boils, water evaporates
video 23. Explain how energy from the sun is used. video EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
Earth in Space
38. Relate predictable patterns to regular movement of objects in the solar system.
Examples: day and night, month and year, phases of the moon
video 39. Associate the Earth's revolution with the seasons.
video 40. Describe star patterns and constellations.
video 41. Identify purposes of artificial satellites that orbit the Earth.
Examples: weather, communication, remote sensing
video Ordered Universe
42. Recognize that telescopes are used to study distant objects.
video 43. Recognize that the Earth's solar system is a star-centered system.
video PROCESS AND APPLICATION
Students will:
1. Identify questions that can be answered through scientific investigations.
video 2. Use appropriate tools and technology resources to gather, analyze, and interpret data.
Examples: calculators, microscopes, cameras, sound recorders, computers, hand lenses, rulers, thermometers, meter sticks, timing devices, balances, compasses, maps
video 3. Demonstrate the ability to perform safe and appropriate manipulation of materials, living organisms, scientific equipment, and technology.
video 4. Use appropriate skills to design and conduct a scientific investigation. video 5. Think critically and logically to make inferences and describe relationships between evidence and explanations.
Example: relating sinking and floating to weight and size
video 6. Investigate alternative explanations of experimental results.
video 7. Use available technology to communicate scientific procedures and to defend explanations.
video 8. Apply mathematical knowledge and skills to scientific investigations. video 9. Demonstrate an understanding of the relationships among science, technology, and society past and present. video PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Forces and Motions
13. Recognize that distance affects the strength of force between objects.
Example: the closer a magnet gets to iron filings, the quicker the iron filings are attracted to the magnet
video 14. Explain how force affects speed and direction.
Examples: a push on a moving skater makes the skater go faster, a moving car hit from the side changes direction, friction slows an object
video Energy
15. Demonstrate that light travels from one place to another. video 16. Describe interactions of light and matter. video 21.Describe the production, transmission, and characteristics of sound waves.
video EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
Dynamic Earth
Students will:
31. Recognize evidence of the sun as the Earth's major source of energy. video Earth in Space
35. Describe the basic components of the solar system.
Examples: planets, moons, asteroids, comets, sun, meteors
video 36. Compare the relative scale of the Earth to other components of the solar system. video 37. Describe the apparent movement of objects across the sky.
Examples: stationary sun appearing to rise and set, movement of the constellations in relation to the Earth
video 38. Identify technological advances and other benefits that result from space exploration.
Examples: laser, pacemaker, dehydrated food, flame-retardant clothing, global positioning system (GPS)
video Ordered Universe
39. Describe the characteristics of the sun.
video 40. Compare stars, planets, and moons. video PROCESS AND APPLICATION
Students will:
1. Identify questions that can be answered through scientific investigations.
video 2. Use appropriate tools and technology resources to gather, analyze, and interpret data.
Examples: calculators, microscopes, cameras, sound recorders, computers, hand lenses, rulers, temperature probes, balances, meter sticks, timing devices, compasses, collecting nets, maps
video 3. Demonstrate the ability to perform safe and appropriate manipulation of materials, living organisms, scientific equipment, and technology.
video 4. Use appropriate skills to design and conduct a scientific investigation. video 5. Think critically and logically to make inferences and describe relationships between evidence and explanations.
Example: relating length of string to frequency of pendulum swings
video 6. Investigate alternative explanations of experimental results.
video 7. Use available technology to communicate scientific procedures and to defend explanations.
video 8. Apply mathematical knowledge and skills to scientific investigations. video 9. Demonstrate an understanding of the relationships among science, technology, and society past and present. video PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Forces and Motions
11. Recognize that gravity is a force that pulls every mass toward every other center of mass in the universe.
Examples: objects falling when released, objects rolling down ramps, objects orbiting planets and the sun
video Energy
16. Recognize that heat flows from hot materials to cold materials.
Example: melting of ice cubes at room temperature
video 17. Describe methods of energy transfer. video EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
Earth in Space
30. Analyze effects of the sun on the Earth.
Examples: plant growth, winds, ocean currents, water cycle, seasons
video 31. Describe technology used to investigate the Earth.
Examples: sonar, radar, seismograph, laser, satellite sensors
video 32. Identify technology used to update knowledge about the Earth/solar system.
Examples: orbiting spacecraft, aircraft, weather balloons, remote sensing systems
video Ordered Universe
33. Describe the components of the universe.
Examples: star systems, galaxies, black holes, nebulae
video 34. Describe how instruments are used to observe the universe.
Examples: telescopes (Hubble, radio, light, x-ray); space probes
video PROCESS AND APPLICATION
Students will:
1. Identify questions that can be answered through scientific investigations.
video 2. Design experiments and use appropriate tools and technology to gather, analyze, and interpret data.
Examples: thermometers, microscopes, balances, computers, electronic probeware
video 3. Demonstrate the ability to perform safe and appropriate manipulation of materials, scientific equipment, and technology.
video 4. Use proper procedures in the handling and care of living organisms and specimens derived from living things.
video 5. Use appropriate skills to design and conduct a scientific investigation. video 6. Express measurements in appropriate Systeme International (SI) units.
video 7. Use scientific evidence to develop descriptions, explanations, predictions, and models.
video 8. Explain relationships between evidence and explanations.
video 9. Evaluate explanations and scientific theories of natural phenomena.
video 10. Communicate orally and in writing scientific procedures and explanations.
Examples: laboratory reports, science projects, PowerPoint presentations, science journals
video 11. Use appropriate mathematics in all aspects of scientific inquiry.
Examples: graphs, ratio and proportions, estimation, fractions, percents
video 12. Explain the use of technology in scientific research.
video 13. Explain the importance of science and technology to many careers.
video 14. Exhibit legal and ethical behaviors necessary for responsible scientific investigations.
Examples: avoiding plagiarism; altering data, hypotheses, or results; proper care of animals
video 15. Demonstrate the use of computer skills in scientific investigations.
Examples: electronic reference sources; data management and analysis; preparation, presentation, and communication of results
video 16. Explain how scientific discoveries have been influenced by historical events and cultures, including technological advances.
video PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Forces and Motions
19. Describe the relationship of magnitude of force to distance between two objects. video 20. Relate force and motion to work.
video Energy Transfer and Transformation
23. Describe the relationship between electricity and magnetism.
video 24. Explain the law of conservation of energy and its relation to energy transformation.
Examples: chemical to electrical, chemical to heat, electrical to light, electrical to mechanical, electrical to sound
video 25. Describe methods of heat transfer. video EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
Dynamic Earth
Students will:
39. Describe technology that monitors the Earth and outer space.
Examples: weather satellites used to monitor storms and other weather systems, radio telescopes
video Earth in Space
43. Compare the biological and geological features of the Earth and other bodies in the solar system. video PROCESS AND APPLICATION
Students will:
1. Identify questions that can be answered through scientific investigations.
video 2. Design experiments and use appropriate tools and technology to gather, analyze, and interpret data.
Examples: thermometers, microscopes, balances, computers, electronic probeware
video 3. Demonstrate the ability to perform safe and appropriate manipulation of materials, scientific equipment, and technology.
video 4. Use proper procedures in the handling and care of living organisms and specimens derived from living things.
video 5. Use appropriate skills to design and conduct a scientific investigation. video 6. Express measurements in appropriate Systeme International (SI) units.
video 7. Use scientific evidence to develop descriptions, explanations, predictions, and models.
video 8. Explain relationships between evidence and explanations.
video 9. Evaluate explanations and scientific theories of natural phenomena.
video 10. Communicate orally and in writing scientific procedures and explanations.
Examples: laboratory reports, science projects, PowerPoint presentations, science journals
video 11. Use appropriate mathematics in all aspects of scientific inquiry.
video 12. Explain the use of technology in scientific research.
video 13. Explain the importance of science and technology to many careers.
video 14. Exhibit legal and ethical behaviors necessary for responsible scientific investigations.
Examples: avoiding plagiarism; altering data, hypotheses, or results; caring properly for animals
video 15. Demonstrate the use of computer skills in scientific investigations.
Examples: electronic reference sources; data management and analysis; preparation, presentation, and communication of results
video 16. Explain how scientific discoveries have been influenced by historical events and cultures, including technological advances.
video PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Properties and Changes in Matter
Students will:
19. Classify substances based on their properties. video 21. Identify the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons in atoms of common elements using the atomic number and mass number.
video Energy Transfer and Transformation
22. Describe the characteristics of a wave. video 23. Describe how waves travel through different kinds of media.
video 24. Explain how energy is transferred through waves. video 25. Explain physical interactions of light and matter and their effect on color perception. video 26. Differentiate among reflection, refraction, and diffraction of waves.
video 27. Compare the uses of sound, light, radio, and microwave energy to transfer information.
video EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
Earth in Space
43. Describe how gravity is a force pulling toward an object's center of mass.
video 44. Identify regular movements of the Earth, moon, and sun that determine patterns. video PROCESS AND APPLICATION
Students will:
1. Identify questions that can be answered through scientific investigations.
video 2. Design experiments and use appropriate tools and technology to gather, analyze, and interpret data.
Examples: thermometers, microscopes, balances, computers, electronic probeware
video 3. Demonstrate the ability to perform safe and appropriate manipulation of materials, scientific equipment, and technology.
video 4. Use proper procedures in the handling and care of living organisms and specimens derived from living things.
video 5. Use appropriate skills to design and conduct a scientific investigation. video 6. Express measurements in appropriate Systeme International (SI) units.
video 7. Use scientific evidence to develop descriptions, explanations, predictions, and models.
video 8. Explain relationships between evidence and explanations.
video 9. Evaluate how observation, experimentation, and data analysis lead to the development of scientific theories.
video 10. Communicate orally and in writing scientific procedures and explanations.
Examples: laboratory reports, science projects, PowerPoint presentations, science journals
video 11. Use appropriate mathematics in all aspects of scientific inquiry.
video 12. Explain the use of technology in scientific research.
video 13. Explain the importance of science and technology to many careers.
video 14. Exhibit legal and ethical behaviors necessary for responsible scientific investigations.
Examples: avoiding plagiarism; altering data, hypotheses, or results; caring properly for animals
video 15. Demonstrate the use of computer skills in scientific investigations.
Examples: electronic reference sources; data management and analysis; preparation, presentation, and communication of results
video 16. Explain how scientific discoveries have been influenced by historical events and cultures, including technological advances.
video PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Forces and Motions
21. Apply Newton's laws of motion to real-world situations. video 22. Describe the motion of an object in terms of position, direction, and speed.
video LIFE SCIENCE
Diversity and Adaptations
26. Evaluate fossils for evidence of how life and environmental conditions have changed.
video EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
Ordered Universe
Students will:
37. Describe scientific evidence for the origin and evolution of the universe.
video 38. Explain the use of the speed of light to measure distances in the universe.
video 39. Identify the components of the universe and their relationships. video 40. Explain the general life cycle of a star. video 41. Identify technology used to investigate the universe.
Examples: probes, rockets, telescopes, spectroscopes, computer models
video 42. Recognize the impact of space exploration on society.
Examples: microwaves, solar panels, fiber optics, satellite communications
video PROCESS AND APPLICATION
Students will:
1. Understand fundamental assumptions about the universe upon which the scientific enterprise is based. video 2. Discuss science as a body of knowledge and an investigative process. video 3. Conduct scientific investigations systematically. video 4. Exhibit behaviors appropriate to the scientific enterprise consistently.
Examples: curiosity, creativity, integrity, patience, skepticism, logical reasoning, attention to detail, openness to new ideas
video 5. Demonstrate correct care and safe use of instruments, equipment, and chemicals.
video 6. Demonstrate the ability to choose, construct, and/or assemble appropriate equipment for scientific investigations.
video 7. Apply critical and integrated science-thinking skills. video 8. Use mathematical models, simple statistical models, and graphical models to express patterns and relationships determined from sets of scientific data.
Example: calculate mean, median, and mode from sample data
video 9. Solve for unknown quantities by manipulating variables simultaneously.
video 10. Use written and oral communication skills to present and explain scientific phenomena and concepts individually or in collaborative groups using technical and non-technical language.
Examples: laboratory reports, journal entries, computer-based slide show presentations, daily log reports, student presentations
video 11. Choose appropriate technology to retrieve relevant information from the Internet such as electronic encyclopedias, indices, and databases.
video 12. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of widespread use of and reliance on technology.
video 13. Practice responsible use of technology systems, information, and software such as following copyright laws.
video 14. Evaluate technology-based options for lifelong learning.
Examples: Internet usage, online/distance learning
video 15. Identify the effects of technology on daily life.
Examples: cellular phones, fiber optics, microwaves, lasers
video 16. Collect data and construct and analyze graphs, tables, and charts using tools such as computer-based or calculator-based probeware.
video FORCES AND MOTIONS
28. Identify the basic natural forces. video 29. Apply quantitative relationships and associated graphical representations among position, displacement, distance, time, speed, velocity, and acceleration.
video 31. Describe relationships between force and motion in Newton's laws. video 32. Apply the quantitative relationships among force, distance, work, time, and power.
video 36. Explain the relationships among mass, velocity, force, and momentum.
video INTERACTIONS OF ENERGY AND MATTER
39. Illustrate the law of conservation of energy. video 40. Explain methods of heat transfer. video 41. Describe the transfer of energy through waves. video 42. Identify wave characteristics. video 43. Relate physical properties of sound and light to wave characteristics.
Examples: loudness to amplitude, pitch to frequency, color to wavelength and frequency
video 44. Analyze interactions of light and matter. video 46. Explain the relationship between electricity and magnetism.
Examples: a moving charge creates a magnetic field, a moving magnetic field may induce a current in a closed wire loop
video PROCESS AND APPLICATION
Students will:
1. Understand fundamental assumptions about the universe upon which the scientific enterprise is based. video 2. Discuss science as a body of knowledge and an investigative process. video 3. Conduct scientific investigations systematically. video 4. Exhibit behaviors appropriate to the scientific enterprise consistently.
Examples: curiosity, creativity, integrity, patience, skepticism, logical reasoning, attention to detail, openness to new ideas
video 5. Demonstrate correct care and safe use of instruments and equipment.
video 6. Demonstrate the ability to choose, construct, and/or assemble appropriate equipment for scientific investigations.
video 7. Apply critical and integrated science-thinking skills. video 8. Use mathematical models, simple statistical models, and graphical models to express patterns and relationships determined from sets of scientific data.
Example: calculate mean, median, mode, standard deviation, percent error, and linear regressions from sample data
video 9. Solve for unknown quantities by manipulating variables.
Example: calculating tension
video 10. Use written and oral communication skills to present and explain scientific phenomena and concepts individually or in collaborative groups using technical and non-technical language.
Examples: laboratory reports, journal entries, computer-based slide show presentations, daily log reports, student presentations
video 11. Choose appropriate technology to retrieve relevant information from the Internet such as electronic encyclopedias, indices, and databases.
video 12. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of widespread use of and reliance on technology.
video 13. Practice responsible use of technology systems, information, and software such as following copyright laws.
video 14. Evaluate technology-based options for lifelong learning.
Examples: Internet usage, online/distance learning
video 15. Identify the uses of technology in scientific applications.
Examples: lasers and optics in industry and medical imaging, communication devices, microelectronics
video 16. Collect data and construct and analyze graphs, tables, and charts using tools such as computers or calculator-based probeware.
video FORCES AND MOTIONS
17. Describe the basic natural forces. video 18. Understand the interrelationships among mass, distance, force, velocity, acceleration, and time. video 22. Demonstrate an understanding of momentum. video 23. Explain planetary motion and navigation in space in terms of Kepler's and Newton's laws.
video 24. Apply quantitative relationships involving mass, weight, distance, work, power, gravitational potential energy, and kinetic energy.
video 26. Describe relationships qualitatively and quantitatively between changes in heat energy and changes in temperature.
video INTERACTIONS OF ENERGY AND MATTER
Waves
Students will:
27. Classify waves according to type. video 28. Explain wave behavior in terms of reflection, refraction, and diffraction.
video 29. Differentiate between constructive and destructive wave interference.
video 30. Relate physical properties of sound and light to wave characteristics.
Examples: loudness to amplitude, pitch to frequency, color to wavelength and frequency, red shift to Doppler effect
video 31. Explain the impact of change in media upon the speed, frequency, and wavelength of a wave.
video 32. Describe how different components of the electromagnetic spectrum are used for communication purposes.
Examples: laser radiation, microwave radiation, radio waves
video Light
33. Demonstrate an understanding of reflection.
Examples: tracing the path of a reflected light ray, predicting the formation of reflected images through tracing of rays and use of the mirror equation
video 34. Demonstrate an understanding of refraction.
Examples: tracing and calculating the path of a refracted light ray through prisms using Snell's law, predicting the formation of refracted images through ray tracing and use of the lens equation
video 35. Demonstrate an understanding of diffraction.
Examples: Huygen's principle and how it applies to diffraction; calculation of position of bright spots formed by monochromatic light passing through a pair of slits; measurement of wavelength of monochromatic light knowing slit separation, distance to screen, and position of bright spots
video Electricity/Magnetism
37. Describe similarities in the calculation of electrical force, magnetic force, and gravitational force between objects.
video 39. Identify methods by which an electric field can be created.
Examples: rubbing materials together (friction), using batteries (chemical means), moving a closed loop of wire across a magnetic field
video PROCESS AND APPLICATION
Students will:
1. Understand fundamental assumptions about the universe upon which the scientific enterprise is based. video 2. Discuss science as a body of knowledge and an investigative process. video 3. Conduct scientific investigations systematically. video 4. Exhibit behaviors appropriate to the scientific enterprise consistently.
Examples: curiosity, creativity, integrity, patience, skepticism, logical reasoning, attention to detail, openness to new ideas
video 5. Demonstrate correct care and safe use of instruments and equipment.
Example: appropriate viewing of solar eclipses
video 6. Demonstrate the ability to choose, construct, and/or assemble appropriate equipment for scientific investigations.
video 7. Apply critical and integrated science thinking skills. video 8. Use mathematical models, simple statistical models, and graphical models to express patterns and relationships determined from sets of scientific data.
Example: calculate mean, median, and mode from sample data
video 9. Solve for unknown quantities by manipulating variables.
video 10. Use written and oral communication skills to present and explain scientific phenomena and concepts individually or in collaborative groups using technical and non-technical language.
Examples: laboratory reports, journal entries, computer-based slide show presentations, daily log reports, student project presentations
video 11. Choose appropriate technology to retrieve relevant information from the Internet such as electronic encyclopedias, indices, and databases.
video 12. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different forms of technology in studies of near and distant space.
video 13. Practice responsible use of technology systems, information, and software such as following copyright laws.
video 14. Evaluate technology-based options for lifelong learning in astronomy and space studies.
Examples: Internet usage, online/distance learning courses, databases, real-time photographs
video 15. Collect data and construct and analyze graphs, tables, and charts using tools such as computer-based or calculator-based probeware.
video ORDERED UNIVERSE
The Stars
Students will:
16. Classify stars according to characteristics. video 17. Determine the age of a star from its characteristics.
video 18. Describe the relationship between formation and nuclear reactions within stars.
video The Solar System
20. Discuss the formation of the solar system.
video 21. Explain how objects in the solar system move in regular and/or predictable ways.
video 22. Compare the planets in terms of orbit, size, composition, rotation, atmosphere, moons, and distance.
video 23. Compare factors essential to life on the Earth to conditions on the other planets. video The Universe
24. Demonstrate an understanding that the Earth is part of a planetary system within the Milky Way galaxy, which is part of the known universe.
video 25. Describe objects found outside the solar system.
Examples: pulsars, quasars, black holes
video 26. Describe formation processes and characteristics of galaxies.
video 27. Relate motion of objects within a solar system to such concepts as a "day," a "year," "phases of the moon," and "eclipses."
video 28. Understand that common physical laws appear to apply to all bodies in the universe.
Examples: laws of Kepler, Newton, and Einstein (relativity) and ways they affect high-speed travel in space
video 29. Evaluate astronomers' use of various instruments to extend the senses and monitor cosmic background radiation to increase knowledge of the universe. video 30. Explain the scientific foundation for the current model of the universe. video 31. Analyze arguments about the various scientific theories on the formation of the universe. video 32. Assess the spectra generated by the stars and sun as indicators of motion. video 34. Evaluate the life cycle of stars using the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (H-R diagram).
video 35. Evaluate scientific empirical data that estimates the age of the universe.
video PROCESS AND APPLICATION
Students will:
1. Understand fundamental assumptions about the universe upon which the scientific enterprise is based. video 2. Discuss science as a body of knowledge and an investigative process. video 3. Conduct scientific investigations systematically. video 4. Exhibit attitudes and habits appropriate to the scientific enterprise consistently.
Examples: curiosity, creativity, integrity, patience, skepticism, logical reasoning, attention to detail, openness to new ideas
video 5. Demonstrate correct care and safe use of instruments and equipment.
Example: wearing protective goggles when performing fracture tests
video 6. Demonstrate the ability to choose, construct, and/or assemble appropriate equipment for scientific investigations.
video 7. Apply critical and integrated science thinking skills. video 8. Use mathematical models, simple statistical models, and graphical models to express patterns and relationships determined from sets of scientific data.
Example: calculate mean, median, and mode from sample data
video 9. Solve for unknown quantities by manipulating variables.
Example: earthquake wave amplitudes
video 10. Use written and oral communication skills to present and explain scientific phenomena and concepts individually or in collaborative groups using technical and non-technical language.
Examples: laboratory reports, journal entries, computer-based slide show presentations, daily log reports, student project presentations
video 11. Choose appropriate technology to retrieve relevant information from the Internet such as electronic encyclopedias, indices, and databases.
video 12. Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of different forms of technology in studies of near and distant space.
video 13. Practice responsible use of technology systems, information, and software such as following copyright laws.
video 14. Evaluate technology-based options for lifelong learning in earth and space studies.
Examples: Internet usage, online/distance learning courses, databases, real-time photographs
video 15. Interpret the effects of technology in daily applications.
Examples: weather satellites, Global Positioning Systems (GPS), radioactive dating of rock samples
video 16. Collect data and construct and analyze graphs, tables, and charts using tools such as computer-based or calculator-based probeware.
video DYNAMIC EARTH
Biogeochemical Cycles
Students will:
Origin and Evolution of the Earth System
18. Interpret the order and impact of events in the geologic past. video EARTH IN SPACE
ORDERED UNIVERSE
Origin and Evolution of the Universe
Students will:
31. Discuss the formation of the solar system.
video 32. Analyze planetary motion using the physical laws that explain motion. video 33. Evaluate astronomers' use of various instruments to extend the senses and increase knowledge of the universe. video 34. Explain current scientific theories of the origin of the universe. video 35. Explain the impact of "classical" scientific thought about the Earth and the universe on contemporary thought. video 36. Examine sources of stellar energies.
video 37. Assess the spectra generated by the stars and sun as indicators of motion. video 38. Relate the Hubble law with the concept of an ever-expanding universe.
video 39. Evaluate the life cycle of stars using the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram (H-R diagram).
video
Middle School Standards: Sixth Grade, Seventh Grade,
Eighth Grade
High School Starndards:
Biology,
Botany,
Environmental Science,
Kindergarten
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· Acquiring, processing, and interpreting data
Example: identifying objects that make darkest shadows
· Discussing cause and effect (dependent and independent variables) in experiments
Example: explaining why thick objects cause darkest shadows
· Sorting and classifying
Example: grouping objects according to darkness of shadows
· Experimenting
Example: determining objects that make darkest shadows
· Analyzing investigations
Example: drawing conclusions about objects that make dark shadows
· Developing hypotheses
Example: using experiences to guess which objects might make darkest shadows
· Formulating models, tables, charts, and graphs
Example: making a class data chart
· Observing
Example: examining objects and their shadows
· Measuring
Example: ranking shadows according to darkness
· Defining operationally
Example: deciding how to judge shadows as dark shadows
· Communicating
Examples: drawing pictures of shadows, describing or explaining observations
· Predicting
Example: predicting darkness of shadows of different objects
· Collaborating
Examples: sharing learning experiences, discussing ideas about shadows
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· Change of position
Examples: playground swings, wagons, model rockets
· Change of speed
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· Light
· Heat
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· Sun
· Clouds
· Moon
· Rainbows
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First Grade
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· Acquiring, processing, and interpreting data
Example: listening and deciding which is high pitch and which is low pitch
· Discussing cause and effect (dependent and independent variables) in experiments
Example: relating levels of water to different pitches
· Sorting and classifying
Examples: grouping jars of water into low and high pitches, arranging jars from lowest to highest pitch
· Experimenting
Example: determining which jar has the highest pitch using different amounts of water
· Analyzing investigations
Example: drawing conclusions about the effect of water amount on pitch
· Developing hypotheses
Example: using reasons for guessing how different pitches will be heard
· Formulating models, tables, charts, and graphs
Example: recording high/low pitch and amount of water in jars
· Observing
Example: listening to pitches created by striking jars containing different amounts of water
· Measuring
Example: using non-traditional units to quantify length of water columns in jars
· Defining operationally
Example: deciding how to distinguish low, medium, or high pitches
· Communicating
Example: describing the experiment and reasons for conclusions
· Predicting
Example: predicting pitch of jars with different shapes or liquids
· Collaborating
Example: working in groups to make and play a jar xylophone
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· Applying standard whole units to measure an object or substance
· Applying nonstandard whole units to measure an object or substance
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· Change of speed
Examples: fast, slow
· Change of direction
Examples: straight, curved, zigzag
· Change of position
Examples: up/down, forward/backward, inside/outside
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· Vibration
· Pitch
· Loudness (volume)
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· Stars
Examples: brightness, too many to count, color
· Moon
Example: changes in appearance over time (phases)
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Second Grade
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· Acquiring, processing, and interpreting data
Example: grouping materials that reflect, refract (bend), or absorb light
· Discussing cause and effect (dependent and independent variables) in experiments
Example: discussing how light's path is changed by aluminum foil
· Sorting and classifying
Example: sorting materials according to characteristics believed to favor reflection or absorption of light
· Experimenting
Example: determining factors, one at a time, of materials that cause reflection of light
· Analyzing investigations
Example: drawing conclusions from observations about factors affecting light reflecting ability of objects
· Developing hypotheses
Example: using observations and experiences to propose that smooth, shiny objects always reflect light
· Formulating models, tables, charts, and graphs
Example: drawing/dramatizing how light rays bounce off a mirror
· Observing
Example: examining effects of shining a light on different materials with similar/different characteristics
· Measuring
Example: measuring how far away light can illuminate an object
· Defining operationally
Example: mixing all colors of light to make white light
· Communicating
Example: writing about procedures to investigate light and resulting conclusions
· Predicting
Example: predicting whether a new material will reflect or absorb light
· Collaborating
Example: working in groups to explain experiments with light to others
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· Applying standard whole units (metric and English) to measure an object or substance
· Applying nonstandard whole units to measure an object or substance
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· Linear
· Periodic
Examples: circular, back and forth
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· Sun
· Wind
· Water (moving)
· Fossil fuels (burning)
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· Sun
· Planets
· Moons
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Third Grade
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· Acquiring, processing, recording, and interpreting data
· Identifying dependent and independent variables (cause and effect) and their relationships
· Sorting and classifying
· Experimenting
· Analyzing
· Developing hypotheses
· Formulating models, tables, charts, and graphs
· Observing
· Measuring
· Defining operationally
· Communicating
· Predicting
· Collaborating
· Writing lab reports/scientific journals
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· Explaining how scientists use technology in scientific research
· Recognizing the importance of science and technology to many careers
· Demonstrating an understanding of the impact of society on human health and environmental conditions
· Recognizing contributions of science to development of technology and changes in society
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· Speed
· Direction
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· Fossil fuels
Examples: coal, oil, gas
· Electricity
· Nuclear power
· Decaying compost
· Friction
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· Producing food in plants (photosynthesis)
· Heating the Earth's surface
· Generating electricity in solar panels
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Fourth Grade
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· Acquiring, processing, recording, and interpreting data
· Identifying dependent and independent variables (cause and effect) and their relationships
· Sorting and classifying
· Experimenting
· Analyzing
· Developing hypotheses
· Formulating models, tables, charts, and graphs
· Observing
· Measuring
· Defining operationally
· Communicating
· Predicting
· Collaborating
· Writing lab reports/scientific journals
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· Computation
· Probability (most/least likely outcomes)
· Graphing (bar, line, circle, pictograph)
· Fractions and decimals
· Arithmetic mean
· Measurement (metric)
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· Explaining how scientists use technology in scientific research
· Recognizing the importance of science and technology to many careers
· Demonstrating an understanding of the impact of society on human health and environmental conditions
· Identifying contributions of Alabama scientists
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· Illuminating objects
· Forming shadows
· Reflecting images and light
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· Reflection
· Refraction
· Translucency
· Transparency
· Opacity
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· Plant growth
· Creation of winds
· Water cycle
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· Planets
· Moons
· Sun
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· Appearance
· Movement
· Size
· Distance
· Composition
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Fifth Grade
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· Acquiring, processing, recording, and interpreting data
· Identifying dependent and independent variables (cause and effect) and their relationships
· Sorting and classifying
· Experimenting
· Analyzing
· Developing hypotheses
· Formulating models, tables, charts, and graphs
· Observing
· Measuring
· Defining operationally
· Communicating
· Predicting
· Collaborating
· Writing lab reports/scientific journals
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· Computation
· Probability
· Graphing (bar, line, circle, pictograph)
· Variables
· Fractions and decimals
· Arithmetic mean, mode, median, range
· Measurement (metric)
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· Explaining how scientists use technology in scientific research
· Recognizing the importance of science and technology to many careers
· Demonstrating an understanding of the impact of society on human health and environmental conditions
· Recognizing contributions of science to development and design of technology
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· Conduction
· Convection
· Radiation
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Sixth Grade
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· Acquiring, processing, and interpreting data
· Identifying dependent and independent variables and their relationships
· Identifying cause and effect
· Sorting and classifying
· Controlling and manipulating variables
· Designing and analyzing investigations
· Developing hypotheses
· Formulating models, tables, charts, and graphs
· Keeping accurate records
· Observing
· Measuring
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· Magnets (magnetic force)
· Charged objects (electrical force)
· Masses (gravitational force)
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· Conduction
· Radiation
· Convection
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· Relative size and position
· Composition
· Ability to support life
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Seventh Grade
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· Acquiring, processing, and interpreting data
· Identifying dependent and independent variables and their relationships
· Identifying cause and effect
· Sorting and classifying
· Controlling and manipulating variables
· Designing and analyzing investigations
· Developing hypotheses
· Formulating models, tables, charts, and graphs
· Keeping accurate records
· Observing
· Measuring
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· Elements
· Compounds
· Mixtures
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· Wavelength
· Frequency
· Speed
· Amplitude
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· Earthquake waves
· Sound waves
· Water waves
· Electromagnetic waves
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· Refraction
Example: rainbow
· Absorption
Examples: reflection from a colored object, transmission through a colored liquid
· Transmission
Examples: scattering, absorption, or refraction as light passes through a material
· Scattering
Examples: red sky at sunset, blue sky
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· Day, month, year
· Phases of the moon
· Eclipses
· Tides
· Seasons
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Eighth Grade
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· Acquiring, processing, and interpreting data
· Identifying dependent and independent variables and their relationships
· Identifying cause and effect
· Sorting and classifying
· Controlling and manipulating variables
· Designing and analyzing investigations
· Developing hypotheses
· Formulating models, tables, charts, and graphs
· Keeping accurate records
· Observing
· Measuring
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· Inertia
· Force, mass, acceleration relationships
· Action/reaction
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· Components: constellations, black holes, galaxies, stars, solar systems, asteroids, comets, meteoroids, nebulae, supernovae, quasars
· Relationships: relative size, mass, distance, motion
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· Formation
· Transitions
· Death
· Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
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The Senior High Grades
Physical Science Core
· Concern with natural phenomena
· Discoverable and understandable operation of the universe
· Linking of natural causes with natural effects
· Consistent and predictable operation of the universe
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· Unified, open-ended structure of observations set in a testable framework of ideas
· Common purpose and philosophy among the science disciplines
· Limited scope and certainty
· Simple solutions, comprehensive results, clearest and reliable explanations, accurate basis for predictions
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· Identifying and framing the question carefully
· Forming a hypothesis
· Identifying and managing variables effectively
· Developing a practical and logical procedure
· Presenting conclusions based on investigation/previous research
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· Observing
· Classifying
· Measuring with appropriate units and significant figures
· Inferring
· Predicting
· Solving problems
· Interpreting data
· Designing experiments
· Formulating hypotheses
· Communicating
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· Gravitational
· Electromagnetic
· Strong nuclear
· Weak nuclear
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· Inertia
· Acceleration
· Action/reaction
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· Potential energy to kinetic energy
Example: falling object
· Transformation of energy forms
Example: hairdryer transforming electrical energy to heat energy
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· Conduction
· Radiation
· Convection
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· Mechanical energy (energy content as it relates to amplitude)
· Electromagnetic energy (energy content as it relates to frequency)
· Transverse waves
· Longitudinal waves
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· Wavelength
· Frequency
· Period
· Amplitude
· Speed
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· Prisms
· Concave/convex mirrors
· Concave/convex lenses
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Physics Core
· Concern with natural phenomena
· Discoverable and understandable operation of the universe
· Linking of natural causes with natural effects
· Consistent and predictable operation of the universe
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· Unified, open-ended structure of observations set in a testable framework of ideas
· Common purpose and philosophy among the science disciplines
· Limited scope and certainty
· Simple solutions, comprehensive results, clearest and reliable explanations, accurate basis for predictions
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· Identifying and framing the question carefully
· Forming a hypothesis
· Identifying and managing variables effectively
· Developing a practical and logical procedure
· Presenting conclusions based on investigation/previous research
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· Observing
· Classifying
· Measuring with appropriate units and significant figures
· Inferring
· Predicting
· Solving problems
· Interpreting data
· Designing experiments
· Formulating hypotheses
· Communicating
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· Gravitational
· Electromagnetic
· Strong nuclear
· Weak nuclear
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· Linear motion
· Uniform circular motion
· Projectile motion
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· Calculating the momentum for a single object and the momenta for a group of objects
· Verifying the law of conservation of momentum from observations of one-dimensional collisions
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· Mechanical or electromagnetic
· Transverse or longitudinal
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Astronomy Elective Core
· Concern with natural phenomena
· Discoverable and understandable operation of the universe
· Linking of natural causes with natural effects
· Consistent and predictable operation of the universe
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· Unified, open-ended structure of observations set in a testable framework of ideas
· Common purpose and philosophy among the science disciplines
· Limited scope and certainty
· Simple solutions, comprehensive results, clearest and reliable explanations, accurate basis for predictions
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· Identifying and framing the question carefully
· Forming a hypothesis
· Identifying and managing variables effectively
· Developing a practical and logical procedure
· Presenting conclusions based on investigation/previous research
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· Observing
· Classifying
· Measuring with appropriate units and significant figures
· Inferring
· Predicting
· Solving problems
· Interpreting data
· Designing experiments
· Formulating hypotheses
· Communicating
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· Temperature
· Relative size
· Composition
· Radial velocity (based on spectral analysis)
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· Temperature
· Gravity
· Atmosphere
· Water
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· Optical telescopes
· Radio telescopes
· Spectroscopes
· Cameras
· Spacecraft
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· Evidence about its content
· Theoretical assumptions based on mathematical and computer-simulated models
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· Big Bang Theory
· Steady State Theory
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· Doppler effect
· Red and blue shifts
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Earth and Space Science Elective Core
· Concern with natural phenomena
· Discoverable and understandable operation of the universe
· Linking of natural causes with natural effects
· Consistent and predictable operation of the universe
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· Unified, open-ended structure of observations set in a testable framework of ideas
· Common purpose and philosophy among the science disciplines
· Limited scope and certainty
· Simple solutions, comprehensive results, clearest and reliable explanations, accurate basis for predictions
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· Identifying and framing the question carefully
· Forming a hypothesis
· Identifying and managing variables effectively
· Developing a practical and logical procedure
· Presenting conclusions based on investigation/previous research
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· Observing
· Classifying
· Measuring with appropriate units and significant figures
· Inferring
· Predicting
· Solving problems
· Interpreting data
· Designing experiments
· Formulating hypotheses
· Communicating
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· Origin of the Earth system
· Relative and absolute dating techniques
· Statistical models of radioactive decay
· Diversity of life through time
· Fossil evidence of past life
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· Rotation
· Revolution
· Apparent diurnal motions of the sun and stars
· Tilt of the Earth's axis
· Parallelism of the Earth's axis
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· Optical telescopes
· Radio telescopes
· Spectroscopes
· Cameras
· Spacecraft
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· Big Bang Theory
· Steady State Theory
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· Copernicus
· Galileo
· Kepler
· Newton
· Einstein
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· Doppler effect
· Red and blue shifts
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