QUESTION: If space is near absolute zero, why do you need to cool the craft? Is the 2 rpm rotation not sufficient to keep the sun from heating the craft? ANSWER from Rob Manning: For the same reason the rotating Earth does not cool it to the ambient deep space temperature of 3 degrees Kelvin (just above absolute zero), Mars Pathfinder adopts the "average" thermal energy of the whole "sky", including the very hot Sun. Although the Sun takes up less than a fraction of a percent of the "sky" as seen by Mars Pathfinder, it's surface is millions of degrees hotter than the surrounding deep space. That is enough to "average" the temperature of the spacecraft to a little colder than room temperature (to calculate the temperature right, you also need to factor in the spacecraft's emissivity and absorbtivity). So the spacecraft's average temperature is around 10 deg Celsius. That would be great except for another point: we have "hot spots" built into the design. So that we can keep the lander's electronics and battery cool while on the surface of Mars, we intentionally surrounded them inside a thermal enclosure (just like the rover team did with the rover electronics). The problem then is to keep the lander's electronics (especially the X-band radio transmitter) from roasting in there while we cruise to Mars. We solved this problem by pumping freon around the cool perimeter of the cruise stage (those white radiators you can see on the pictures) and then down inside the lander and rover. The freon takes the excess heat away from those hot spots and then radiates that heat into the cold of deep space. --Rob Manning