QUESTION: How much total change in velocity was required for the Pathfinder to get from the parking Earth orbit to Mars orbit? (i.e. How much change in velocity was provided by the PAM-D upper stage?) ANSWER from Pieter Kallemeyn: An additional 3.7 km/s (or 3700 m/s) was needed to leave the parking orbit (circular, 185 km altitude) and place Mars Pathfinder onto a Earth-Mars transfer trajectory. This was done by re-starting the 2nd stage of the Delta II launch vehicle, immediately followed by ignition of a solid-motor 3rd stage (PAM-D). Pieter Kallemeyn MPF-NAV team lead