QUESTION:

We recently heard a report that researchers had found evidence of DDT in 
the blood of penguins.  Is this true, and, if so, were they penguins 
from Antarctica?  How would birds in Antarctica come into contact with a 
pesticide like DDT?


        Matthew R., Grade 6, & Marc R., Grade 1

ANSWER from STEVE EMSLIE, Paleontologist
            Palmer Station, Antarctica
            Date: Tue, 1 Apr 1997 14:22:25 -0500

Dear Matthew and Marc,

Yes, DDT has been found in the tissue of penguins.  Worse, it has
occurred in Emperor Penguins which are found in the most remote 
areas of Antarctica.  DDT, now banned as a pesticide, is transported 
by wind or water to many places where it was never used.  It can be 
transported on tiny dust particles in the air for long distances, 
or dissolved in the water in rivers and oceans.  Because DDT does not 
break down naturally and become harmless very quickly, it will persist 
in the environment for decades once it is released.  Some countries 
still use DDT to control insects on their crops, but the long-term 
problems outweigh the short-term benefits gained by using this 
pesticide.  The DDT in penguins is strong evidence for the need to 
ban this pesticide.  Forfurther information, you might want to read 
an excellent book called "Silent Spring" by Rachel Carson.  She 
provides many examples of the harm caused by DDT and other pesticides 
beginning in the 1960's.  

Thanks for your question!

Steve