South Dakota Science Standards

The STANDARDS CORRELATION chart suggests which South Dakota Science Standards you can cover using PASSPORT TO ANTARCTICA in your classroom. We hope you will discover additional standards you can use. These are the ones our Instructional Materials Development team felt most directly related to the activities contained in PASSPORT TO ANTARCTICA.

For additional South Dakota Science Standards you can cover see the STANDARDS CORRELATION chart for the following PASSPORT TO KNOWLEDGE projects:

PASSPORT TO THE RAINFOREST

PASSPORT TO THE SOLAR SYSTEM

PASSPORT TO WEATHER AND CLIMATE

LIVE FROM MARS 2001/2002

PASSPORT TO THE UNIVERSE

Elementary Standards: Kindergarten,   First Grade,   Second Grade,   Third Grade,   Fourth Grade,   Fifth Grade
Middle School Standards: Sixth Grade,   Seventh Grade,   Eighth Grade
High School: Grades 9-12

Goals and Indicators

1. Students will explore, evaluate, and communicate personal and scientific investigations to understand the nature of science.

Indicators:

Understand the nature, value, and application of scientific knowledge.
Demonstrate understanding and use a variety of processes for scientific investigations.

2. Students will use appropriate scientific models to describe and quantify the nature and interactions of matter and energy.

Indicators:

Describe structures and properties of matter in various states and forms.
Describe various physical and chemical changes in matter.
Analyze fundamental forces, their forms, and their effects on motion.
Analyze various interactions of energy and matter.

3. Students will describe structures and attributes of living things, processes of life, and interaction with each other and the environment.

Indicators:

Understand the fundamental structures, functions, and mechanisms found in living things.
Analyze various patterns and products of natural and induced biological change.
Analyze how organisms are linked to one another and the environment.

4. Students will analyze the composition, formative processes, and history of the universe, solar system, and Earth.

Indicators:

Understand the various structures and processes of the Earth system.
Analyze essential principles and ideas about the composition and structure of the universe.

5. Students will identify and evaluate the relationships and ethical implications of science, upon technology, environment, and society.

Indicators:

Analyze various implications/effects of scientific advancement within the environment and society.
Analyze the relationships/interactions among science, technology, environment, and society.

Kindergarten

Nature of Science

Students will:

 

1. actively participate in science activities.

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2. observe and ask questions about the world around them. (example: Where does rain come from?)

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3. show an interest in and willingness to investigate unfamiliar objects and events.

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4. use their senses and simple instruments to make observations. (example: magnifying glasses, balance scales)

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5. safely conduct simple experiments to answer questions.

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6. use non-standard units of measurement to compare objects.

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7. use scientific thinking skills. (example: observing, communicating, and comparing)

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Life Science

Students will:

 

1. sort living from non-living things.

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2. describe the basic needs of living organisms.

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3. recognize similarities and differences in diverse species.

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4. compare size, shape and structure of living things. (example: grasses to trees, birds to mammals)

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5. describe changes that are part of common life cycles. (example: seed to flower to fruit to seed)

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6. recognize that offspring of plants and animals are similar, but not identical to their parents or one another. (example: pets and plants)

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7. explore ways in which organisms react to changing conditions. (example: animals’ coats change in the winter; people sweat in hot weather and shiver in cold weather)

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8. describe the flow of energy in a simple food chain.

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9. describe ways that plants and animals depend on each other.

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10. explore the habitat.

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11. explain the importance of conserving water or other resources at home and school.

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Science, Technology, Environment, and Society

Students will:

 

1. recognize technology in school, home and community. (example: computer, pencil refrigerator, Velcro, fire truck)

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2. describe ways technology makes life easier for people.

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3. care for the environment around the school. (example: litter, paper)

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4. recognize ways to reuse various materials.

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5. explore how science helps bring water and energy to the home and school.

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6. identify how science is used to make everyday products. (example: paper, pencils, desks)

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First Grade

Nature of Science

Students will:

 

1. recognize that people contribute to scientific knowledge.

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2. ask questions and explore the world around them.

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3. use investigations in science to produce knowledge.

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4. enhance observations by using senses and simple instruments to identify differences in properties.

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5. measure length, mass, and volume using nonstandard and standard units when appropriate.

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6. conduct simple experiments safely to answer questions about familiar objects and events.

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7. use scientific thinking skills. (example: observing, communicating, classifying, comparing.

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Life Science

Students will:

 

7. trace and compare the life cycle of various organisms. (example: frogs, grasshoppers, dogs)

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10. explore how organisms are dependent upon each other for survival.

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11. describe how seasonal changes impact life processes of plants and animals.

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12. identify characteristics of plants and animals that allow them to live in specific environments.

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13. describe a variety of habitats.

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Science, Technology, Environment, and Society

Students will:

 

1. investigate and understand how that natural resources are limited.

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2. describe how technology contributes to solving problems.

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3. investigate and describe factors that affect air and water quality.

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4. investigate how to recycle and reuse natural resources.

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5. identify how science contributes to solving problems.

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6. describe scientific solutions for preventing hazardous situations. (example: fires, pollution)

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7. develop personal habits that display concern for the environment.

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Second Grade

Nature of Science

Students will:

 

1. understand that scientific inquiry has produced much knowledge about the world and that much is still unknown.

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2. investigate scientific contributions made by people everywhere in the world.

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3. use investigations in science to answer different questions.

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4. repeat observations of investigations to improve accuracy.

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5. measure length, volume, mass and temperature in appropriate units.

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6. make predictions based on observations rather than random guesses.

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7. conduct simple experiments safely to answer questions.

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8. recognize unexpected or unusual quantitative data.

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9. use scientific thinking skills. (example: observing, communicating, classifying, comparing, predicting)

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Life Science

Students will:

 

8. identify behavioral and physical characteristics of plants and animals that help them survive in their habitat.

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9. explain reasons for the disappearance of extinct species. (example: theories about why dinosaurs disappeared)

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10. explain how living things are part of a system. (example: examine owl pellets)

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11. describe how green plants produce oxygen and food, provide useful products, and benefits in the environment.

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12. describe how seasonal changes affect plants, animals, and their surrounding. (example: migration, hibernation, camouflage, adaptation, dormancy)

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13. identify factors that may cause habitats to change over time.

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Science, Technology, Environment, and Society

Students will:

 

1. describe how technology contributes to solving problems.

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2. explain how technology is applied to daily life.

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3. analyze the impact and interactions of human activities on the environment.

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4. model the ways to recycle, reuse, and reduce consumption of natural resources.

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5. investigate and describe ways science is used to solve problems.

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6. explain scientific findings which have generated solutions to various environmental and social concerns. (example: water pollution, fire hazards, malnutrition)

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Third Grade

Nature of Science

Students will:

 

1. use investigations in science to serve different purposes. (example: exploring the world)

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2. explore characteristics of scientific ways of thinking.

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3. understand that science involves asking and answering questions and comparing the results to what is already known.

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4. describe scientific contributions made by people worldwide.

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5. make specific predictions and observations concerning a situation or phenomenon.

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6. gather, chart, and graph data.

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7. use appropriate standard and metric measures to collect, record, and report data.

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8. communicate results of scientific experiments.

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9. recognize variables in the outcome of events.

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10. use appropriate scientific equipment for investigations.

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11. use proper safety procedures in all investigations.

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Life Science

Students will:

 

3. explain how behavioral and physical adaptations allow animals to respond to life needs. (example: finding shelter, defending themselves, hibernation, and camouflage)

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5. explain reasons for the extinction of species. (example: theories about why dinosaurs disappeared)

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6. describe cause and effect relationships in living systems.

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7. describe how species depend on one another and on the environment for survival.

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8. investigate and understand how environments support a diversity of plants and animals that share limited resources.

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9. describe ways humans impact air, water, and habitat quality.

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Science, Technology, Environment, and Society

Students will:

 

1. investigate how people invent new ways of doing things, new ways of solving problems, and new ways of getting work done.

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2. explore how new ideas and inventions affect people.

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3. explore how science has improved transportation, health, sanitation, and communication.

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4. investigate how designing a solution may have constraints. (example: cost, materials, time, space, safety)

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5. investigate how natural events and human influences can affect the survival of species.

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6. describe and explain the interrelationship of populations, resources, and environments.

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7. investigate the relationship between the use of different natural resources and the effect of their use on the environment.

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8. discuss possible solutions to local environmental concerns.

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9. analyze trash and estimate the percentages of recyclable and non-recyclable materials.

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Fourth Grade

Nature of Science

Students will:

 

1. use investigations in science to serve different purposes. (example: verifying previous results)

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2. identify characteristics of scientific ways of thinking.

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3. identify men and women who have revolutionized scientific thinking.

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4. explore the scientific process as identifying a problem, developing a hypothesis, experimenting, collecting data, and drawing conclusions.

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5. develop questions to formulate hypotheses and use data to make predictions.

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6. make distinctions among predictions, observations, and conclusions.

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7. use appropriate standard and metric measures to collect, record, and report data in graphical representations.

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8. recognize numerical data that are contradictory or unusual in experimental results.

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9. recognize the effect of manipulated variables on the outcomes of events.

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10. use appropriate scientific equipment for investigations.

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11. use proper safety procedures in all investigations.

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Life Science

Students will:

 

4. describe behavioral and structural adaptations plants and animals make to survive in a given environment.

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5. explain how the size of a population is dependent upon the available resources within its community.

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6. examine how the fossil record, which has occurred over time, provides evidence of change in organisms.

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7. describe the organization of living communities.

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8. model the flow of energy through food webs.

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9. identify habitats and niches.

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10. describe various influences human activity can have on ecosystems.

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11. describe important South Dakota natural resources.

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Science, Technology, Environment, and Society

Students will:

 

1. describe how people continue to invent new ways of doing things, solving problems, and getting work done.

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2. investigate how new ideas and inventions often affect people.

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3. plot on a graph over a period of time the consumption of various resources.

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4. explain how inventions have changed people’s lives. (example: television, electric lights)

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5. research conservation practices and pollution problems.

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6. apply scientific knowledge and processes of one domain of science to other fields of study. (example: environmental studies).

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7. design possible solutions to local environmental concerns.

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8. describe human influences on plant and animal survival.

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9. describe the relationship between the use of natural resources and the effects of that use on the environment.

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Fifth Grade

Nature of Science

Students will:

 

1. use investigations in science to serve different purposes. (example: comparing results)

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2. identify and model characteristics of scientific thinking.

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3. explain how scientific theory, hypothesis generation, and experimentation are interrelated.

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4. explore various cultural and historical perspectives on the evolution of scientific knowledge.

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5. understand that scientific knowledge increases and changes over time.

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6. formulate hypotheses based on cause and effect relationships and use observed patterns to make predictions.

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7. make predictions, utilize observations, and draw conclusions.

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8. define variables that must be held constant in a specific experimental situation.

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9. collect, record, and report data using the appropriate graphical representation. (example: graphs, charts, and diagrams)

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10. recognize numerical data that are contradictory or unusual in experimental results.

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11. use appropriate scientific equipment for investigations.

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12. use proper safety procedures in all investigations.

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Life Science

Students will:

 

7. understand that special relationships enable some organisms to survive. (example: adaptation, parasitism, mutation)

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8. describe how changes in habitat can harm and/or help the survival of organisms.

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9. describe biotic and abiotic characteristics of various ecosystems. (example: prairie, ocean, desert)

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10. model the flow of energy in food webs and pyramids.

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11. recognize that changes in habitat may harm or help organisms. (example: irrigation, land drainage, erosion, earthquakes, fires)

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12. describe how natural events and/or human influences can affect survival of species.

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13. analyze relationships among organisms in aquatic and terrestrial food chains. (example: producer, consumer, decomposer, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore, predator-prey)

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Science, Technology, Environment, and Society

Students will:

 

1. explain how people continue to invent new ways of doing things, solving problems, and getting work done.

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2. describe the effect new ideas and inventions have on people.

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3. investigate the improvements science has made in transportation, health, sanitation, and communication.

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4. investigate why the benefits of science and technology are not available to all people.

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5. plot on a graph over a period of time the consumption of various resources and explain the changes.

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6. evaluate a product or design based on constraints.

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7. propose solutions to waste disposal problems, e.g., reuse, reduce, recycle.

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8. identify how and why natural resources are unevenly distributed throughout the world, and how they can be distributed through transportation.

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9. evaluate the importance of plant and animal species in relation to human survival.

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10. analyze environmental changes made by people and describe how the changes have affected plants and animals.

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11. compare and contrast conservation practices in different communities.

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Sixth Grade

Nature of Science

Students will:

 

1. explain how scientific knowledge and processes have evolved over time.

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2. base conclusions on scientific evidence obtained from a variety of sources.

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3. understand the need for continual re-evaluation of scientific knowledge.

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4. discuss the limitations of scientific study.

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5. examine the scientific contributions of various cultures.

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6. describe the limits of accuracy inherent in a particular measuring device or measurement procedure.

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7. manipulate one variable over time with many repeated trials to test an hypothesis.

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8. construct and interpret graphs from data to make predictions.

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9. use research methods to investigate practical and/or personal scientific problems and questions.

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10. use appropriate scientific equipment for investigations.

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11. use proper safety procedures in all investigations.

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Life Science

Students will:

 

8. investigate how variation in each species is due to the exchange and interaction of genetic information as it is passed from parent to offspring.

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9. investigate how the fossil record that has occurred over time provides evidence of changes in the kinds of plants and animals in the environment.

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11. analyze how organisms depend on other organisms and on the nonliving components of the environment.

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12. describe the roles of producers, consumers and decomposers in a system.

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13. analyze energy use in food webs and food pyramids.

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14. model cycles in ecosystems. (example: water, carbon dioxide/oxygen, nitrogen)

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Science, Technology, Environment, and Society

Students will:

 

1. discuss science issues. (example: cloning, aging, farming, mining, timber)

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2. determine how science helps drive research and provides knowledge for better understanding.

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3. investigate how cultural backgrounds and beliefs of different groups can affect scientific thinking.

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4. explain how society and need can affect the direction taken by science.

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5. determine scientific advancements that have had an impact on the environment.

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6. determine the importance of public access to scientific discoveries.

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7. identify ways that medical technologies have affected life. (example: X-rays, vaccines, stethoscopes)

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8. investigate the possible consequences of various alternative decisions for technological-related issues.

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9. discuss a solution for a problem or a need.

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10. describe the role of technology in developing natural resources.

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Seventh Grade

Nature of Science

Students will:

 

1. analyze societal response to major scientific findings or theories. (example: Einstein’s, Galileo’s, Madame Curie’s)

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2. understand the need for continual re-evaluation of scientific knowledge.

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3. describe the limitations of scientific study.

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4. investigate uses of hypotheses in science. (example: evaluating relevance of data, determining data to be obtained, interpreting old and new data directly, identifying the need for new information)

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5. evaluate the conclusions to scientific investigations.

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6. determine the limits of accuracy inherent in a particular measuring device or procedure.

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7. control variables to test hypotheses by repeated trials.

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8. identify sources of experimental error.

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9. interpret to make predictions and/or justify conclusions.

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10. use research methods to investigate practical and/or personal scientific problems and questions.

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11. demonstrate appropriate use of apparatus and technologies for investigations.

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12. use proper safety procedures in all investigations.

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Life Science

Students will:

 

5. describe factors that determine species. (example: reproductive viability, physical characteristics, genetic code)

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7. identify limiting factors that impact animal and plant populations.

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8. identify population disturbances and various other factors that threaten or enhance species survival.

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9. describe processes by which matter and energy flow through an ecosystem.

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10. explain the effects of environmental changes on dynamic equilibrium in physical and biological systems.

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11. explain different relationships among living organisms. (example: competition, symbiosis, producer/ consumer/ decomposer, predator/prey)

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12. investigate interactions among populations in a biological community. (example: relationships among producers, consumers, and decomposers in food chains and food webs)

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13. model cycles in ecosystems. (example: water, carbon dioxide/oxygen, nitogen)

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Science, Technology, Environment, and Society

Students will:

 

1. discuss science issues. (example: cloning, aging, farming, mining, timber)

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2. investigate how science helps drive research and provides knowledge for better understanding.

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3. describe how cultural backgrounds and beliefs of different groups can affect scientific thinking.

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4. describe how society and need can affect the direction taken by science.

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5. describe scientific advancements that have had an impact on the environment.

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6. explain the importance of public access to scientific discoveries.

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7. analyze health recommendations concerning nutrition and drugs.

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8. determine the risks associated with natural and biological hazards.

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9. describe the possible consequences of various alternative decisions for technological-related issues.

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10. design a solution or product for a problem or a need considering constraints. (example: cost, time, materials, environmental/societal trade-off)

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Eighth Grade

Nature Science

Students will:

 

1. explain how scientific theory, hypothesis generation, and experimentation are interrelated.

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2. analyze the scientific contributions of various men and women within specific fields of science.

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3. describe how scientific knowledge and processes have evolved and will continue to evolve over time

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4. analyze the limitations of scientific study.

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5. analyze uses of hypotheses in scientific investigations. (example: evaluating relevance of data, determining data to be obtained, and interpreting old and new data, identifying the need for further information)

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6. understand the limits of accuracy inherent in a particular measuring device or procedure.

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7. control variables to test hypotheses by repeated trials, and by identifying sources of experimental error.

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8. interpret data to justify predictions or conclusions.

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9. use research methods to investigate practical and/or personal scientific problems and questions.

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10. select appropriate scientific equipment and technologies for investigations and experiments.

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11. use proper safety procedures in all investigations.

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Life Science

Students will:

 

9. recognize the impact of selective breeding, natural selection, genetic defects, and environmental adaptations on the development and survival of species.

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10. investigate how organisms adapt to biotic and abiotic factors in a biome.

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12. describe interactions that exist among members of a biological population. (example: competition, cooperation, social hierarchy, territorial imperative)

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13. describe ways in which organisms within an ecosystem are dependent on one another and on nonliving components of the environment. (example: energy flow in food chains, food webs, and food pyramids.

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14. analyze the relationships among ecosystem dynamics and human activity. (example: change in habitat size, quality, structure)

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15. investigate the complex relationships in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems to predict changes within the systems.

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Science, Technology, Environment, and Society

Students will:

 

1. analyze the ethical issues of science. (example: cloning, aging, farming, mining, timber)

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2. explain how science helps drive research and provides knowledge for better understanding.

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3. determine how cultural backgrounds and beliefs of different groups can affect scientific thinking.

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4. analyze how society and need can affect the direction taken by science.

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5. analyze scientific advancements that have had an impact on the environment.

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6. analyze the importance of public access to scientific discoveries.

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7. explain the importance of testing technology and products of technology in a controlled setting before submission to the general public.

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8. analyze the possible consequences of various alternative decisions for technological related issues.

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9. investigate and discuss public policy decisions relating to the environment.

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Grades 9-12

Nature of Science

Students will:

 

1. analyze how societal, cultural, and personal beliefs influence scientists’ investigations and interpretations.

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2. analyze evidence that supports or refutes past or current scientific theories, hypotheses, and/or explanations about a specific topic.

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3. analyze how new discoveries may either modify existing theories or result in establishing a new paradigm.

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4. compare different scientific explanations for the same observations about natural phenomena.

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5. explain how observation and evidence are essential for reaching a conclusion.

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6. analyze how new knowledge and methods emerge from investigations and from public communication among scientists.

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7. differentiate among facts, predictions, theory, and law/principles in scientific investigations.

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8. apply basic science process skills. (example: observing, classifying, measuring, communicating, predicting, inferring)

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9. identify questions and concepts to guide the development of hypotheses and of scientific investigations including the analysis of primary sources of information.

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10. select and use appropriate instruments to extend observations and measurements.

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11. manipulate multiple variables with repeated trials.

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12. apply appropriate mathematical techniques in evaluating experimental data.

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13. formulate and revise scientific explanations and models.

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14. use written, oral, and technological communication skills to explain scientific phenomena and concepts.

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15. use safe and effective laboratory techniques.

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Life Science

Students will:

 

15. describe how natural selection leads to adaptations.

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16. describe how variation of traits, reproductive strategies, and environmental pressures impact the survival of populations.

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17. analyze evidence found in fossil records to describe how populations change over time.

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18. understand dynamic equilibrium within populations, communities, and ecosystems.

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19. analyze interactions within and among populations, including carrying capacities, limiting factors, and growth curves.

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20. analyze interactions resulting in a flow of energy and matter through a system. (example: food chains, food webs, food pyramids, nutrient cycling)

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21. explain behavior and interdependence of organisms in their natural environment.

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22. analyze the effects of natural events and of human influences on ecosystems.

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23. describe biotic and abiotic factors that affect the ability of the environment to support life.

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24. describe possible environmental limiting factors to overpopulation of certain organisms.

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25. describe the stages or events by which a damaged ecosystem may move toward restoration of its original equilibrium or of a new equilibrium.

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26. describe factors that might limit the dynamic equilibrium of ecosystems. (example: disasters, climate change, introduction of new species, human activities)

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Science, Technology, Environment, and Society

Students will:

 

1. analyze the impact of scientific investigations and findings on human society. (example: issues surrounding genetic engineering)

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2. explain how progress in science and technology can be affected by social issues and by challenges.

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3. explain the relationships between the maintenance and progress of society and of scientific advancement.

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4. describe and explain scientific factors that affect population size and growth. (example: birth and death rates, medical services, social services, quality of environment, disease, education)

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5. evaluate the scientific accuracy of information relevant to a specific issue regarding local, national, and/or global agricultural practices that affect the environment.

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6. evaluate the impact of products made of natural materials or synthetic materials, or of a combination of the two.

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7. describe immediate and long-term consequences of potential solutions for technological-related issues. (example: natural catastrophes, interactions of populations, resources and environment, health, disease)

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8. evaluate factors that serve as potential constraints on technological design and use. (example: ethics, ecology, manufacturing processes, operation, maintenance, replacement, disposal, liability)

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9. understand technological design. (example: identify appropriate problems for technological design, design a solution or product, implement a proposed design, evaluate technological designs or products, communicate the process of technological design)

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10. predict and evaluate how the characteristics of materials influence product design.

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11. analyze the benefits, limitations, cost, and consequences involved in using, conserving, or recycling resources.

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12. explain how people control the outputs and impacts of our expanding technological activities in the areas of communication, construction, manufacturing, power and transportation, energy sources, health technology, and biotechnology.

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13. compare and contrast the positive and negative consequences of technology. (example: nuclear power for generating electricity)

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14. describe possible consequences of reducing or of eliminating some of Earth’s natural resources.

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